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Three Studies for solo violin, op.39 1. Andante appassionato 2. Vivo e fantastico 3. Lento - Allegro I wrote Three Studies in September 1985 as the contemporary set work for Stage 1 of the 1986 Carl Flesch International Violin Competition. The first study is lyrical and intense, exploring the dramatic possibilities of the violin's higher register. The bold opening statement juxtaposes the note A in four different octaves. In the second, a scherzo, the light and whimsical opening theme in constantly changing time signatures alternates with a chordal idea based on the folksong ‘The Two Ravens’. The study reaches its climax in the central section with fortissimo chordal writing and arpeggio figuration. A pianissimo, mostly tremolo bridge-passage leads to a recapitulation of the main themes, presented in reverse order. The third study's slow introduction emerges gradually from a barely audible ppp with hesitant, crying glissandi fragments. The dynamics and melodic contour both steadily intensify. The allegro section is a moto perpetuo: the constant semiquaver rhythm is punctuated with fortepianos and accents.

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